Introduction: Anger is one of the country's problems and in many cases leads to behavior that imposes enormous damage to the economy. The aim current study is to measure the state anger of the primary school teachers in Kermanshah.Method: The study was descriptive. The population of the study teachers that teaching at a different base and sample size of 285 people. The data Using the state- trait anger 2 questionnaires and by random sampling were collected and Using the software SPSS-18 were analyzed.Results: The results showed that male school teachers rage with an average of 6.35±1.64 are higher girl school teachers rage. The highest state of anger subscale is boys school teachers with an average of 8.59±3.22. Also highest state anger in schools for boys and girls belong to in the sixth and two grade, respectively.Conclusion: Due to the high state of anger and its close relationship with anger, require that education with planning and training of his staff in the field of anger management, take a step towards mental health of teachers.

Context: Quality Assessment Frameworks (QAFs) are essential in monitoring progress in the primary health care (PHC) system. Different QAFs are used in countries to assess PHC quality. Objectives: This study aimed to review and compare the QAFs and highlight the most frequent quality indicators and dimensions. Methods: This state-of-the-art review was conducted on PHCQAFs. Required data were collected through search in Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases, World Health Organization and World Bank websites, and Ministry of Health websites up to January 2022. The main keywords were quality, "primary healthcare", PHC, "primary care", "primary health services", "basic healthcare", assessment, evaluation, monitoring, measurement, improvement, indicator, OR index, pattern, framework, and model. Comparative tables were used to compare the defined quality dimensions (QDs) and quality assessment indicators (QAIs). Results: Finally, 14 PHCQAFs were retrieved, containing 94 QDs and 785 QAIs. Three PHCQAFs were proposed at the international level and others at the national level. Accessibility, coordination, and safety were the most frequent QDs, and QAIs related to smoking, alcohol and substance abuse, diabetes care, vaccination, chronic heart disease care, respiratory/infectious disease care, hypertension care, population coverage, community participation, customer satisfaction, maternal and child health, adverse event, health information management, staff empowerment, referral system, and patient rights were the most frequent among PHCQAFs. Conclusions: The current study illustrates the similarities and differences between PHCQAFs and highlights important QDs and QIs in PHC. Also, it provides a ready way for health policymakers to address key quality aspects that can help countries accelerate progress in the quality of PHC.

Application of regulators in production of pot plants have been increasing due to lowering growth, improving branching and the number of flowering branches. In order to study the effect of levels and application method of trinexapac-ethyl regulator on height control and morphophysiological characteristics and flowering of Zinnia elegans, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was performed. Zinnias seedlings were planted in polyethylene pots and subjected to trinexapac-ethyl with levels of zero, 2×10-3, 1×10-3, 0.5×10-3 and 4.5×10-4 g when the first bud emerged. Trinexapac-ethyl was applied in both foliar spray and soil application. According to the results, 1×10-3 and 2×10-3g trinexapac-ethyl caused significant reduction in plant height. As trinexapac-ethyl level increased, number of branches and flowers were increased accordingly most of which was under the latter treatment. Branch length and leaf number was not affected. The concentrations 1×10-3 and 2×10-3g increased chlorophyll and shoots sugars, but not on root. Similarly, soil application of Trinexapac-ethyl did not showed positive effects. In light of obtained results, foliar spray application of Trinexapac-ethyl may serve as a suitable way to produce dwarf and pot Zinnia elegans  ‘state fair mix’. Based on the obtained results, application of Trinexapac-ethyl as foliar application can control and reduce the height of the Zinnia elegans ‘state fair mix’.

In this paper, we introduce the notions of prime state filters, obstinate state filters, and primary state filters in state residuated lattices and study some properties of them. Several characterizations of these state filters are given and the prime state filter theorem is proved. In addition, we investigate the relations between them.

The purpose of the current research was to investigate the current state of education in order to institutionalize the competencies of primary school students. For this purpose, the foundation data method and the Strauss and Corbin (2006) approach were used. The statistical population of the research included managers, teachers and other key informants related to the subject area. The research data was collected using semi-structured individual interviews, the statistical sample included 27 managers and teachers who were selected in a targeted theoretical manner. The data were analyzed using a three-step coding method. The findings of the research show that the caricaturization of the competence of the learners of the educational system acts as a central phenomenon and that individual, educational and social contexts have an effect in this sector. Also, the factors affecting the current situation, the centralization of the educational system, the weakness in the implementation of qualitative evaluation, and the self-awareness of the learners were mentioned. The strategies considered by the participants in the research were also mentioned in the three axes of networking in the field of developing competencies, improving the skills and competencies of the factors involved in the institutionalization of competence, paying attention to individual.

Background and Aim: Emotional anger, that there are innate in all and set the thrill of something much valued. Considering the importance of education in life skills curriculum. Anger management skills are essentia. The first step should be measured in the thrill, then the next step, training to control this natural excitement planned. The aim of this research is to measure the anger of the teachers in Sanandaj and comparison between boys and girls is the school teachers.Material and Method: The study was descriptive. A total of 283 teachers were selected, the data using the questionnaires state- trait anger 2 and by random sampling were collected and using the software SPSS-18 (Statistical methods (correlate and descriptive) and R software were analyzed.Results: The highest in the subscales of scale state anger were belong to boys schools in the second and third bases teachers. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between teachers' anger with gender and years of service (p<0.01).Conclusion: The anger of the teachers showed their anger fields in the future, and this is very important.According to the results is required anger management training will also be included in the program of in-service teachers.

Background: In planning for universal health coverage, many countries have been examining their fiscal decentralization policies with the goal of increasing efficiency and equity via “ additionalities. ” The concept of “ additionality, ” when the government of a lower administrative level increases the funding allocated to a particular issue when extra funds are present, is often used in these contexts. Although the definition of “ additionality” can be used more broadly, for the purposes of this paper we focus narrowly on the additional allocation of primary healthcare expenditures. This paper explores this idea by examining the impact of central level primary healthcare expenditure, on individual state level contributions to primary healthcare expenditure within 16 Indian states between 2005 and 2013. Methods: In examining 5 main variables, we compared differences between government expenditures, contributions, and revenues for Empowered Action Group (EAG) states, and non-EAG states. EAG states are normally larger states that have weaker public health infrastructure and hence qualify for additional funding. Finally, using a model that captured the quantity of central level primary healthcare expenditure distributions to these states, we measured its impact on each state’ s own contributions to primary healthcare spending. Results: Our results show that, at the state level, growth in per capita central level primary healthcare expenditure has increased by 110% from 2005-2013, while state’ s own contributions to primary healthcare expenditure per capita increased by 32%. Further analyses show that a 1% change disbursement from the central level leads to a-0. 132%, although not significant, change by states in their own expenditure. The effect for wealthier states is-0. 151% and significant and for poorer states the effect is smaller at-0. 096% and not significant. Conclusion: This analysis suggests that increases in central level primary healthcare expenditure to states have an inverse relationship with primary healthcare expenditures by the state level. Furthermore, this effect is more pronounced in wealthier Indian states. This finding has policy implications on India’ s decision to increase block grants to states in place of targeted program expenditures.

Background & Aim: Dysmenorrhea refers to the symptom of painful menstruation, which may be primary (occurring in the absence of pelvic pathology) or secondary (resulting from identifiable organic diseases). It is common gynaecological conditions that affect women of reproductive age group. The effect may be mild or severed on daily routine activities of women for one to three days of each menstrual cycle. It also has a significant effect on quality of life and personal health. This study aims to determine the burden and management of primary dysmenorrhea among the adolescent. Materials and Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 400 randomly selected adolescent girls attending secondary schools. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain data which was analysis using (SPSS) version 16. 0. Data presentation was done through the use of tables and charts. Appropriate statistics test such as chi-square was used to analysis the association between the variables. The level of significance was determined at p < 0. 05. Results: The mean age of respondents was 15. 2 ± 0. 14, and the prevalence of dysmenorrhea was found to be 287(71. 8%). About 215(53. 8%) had poor knowledge while others believed it to be a disease 10(2. 5%), a curse from God 69 (17. 2%) and 47(11. 8%) do not know the meaning. Significant number 174(43. 5%) of the participants exhibited negative attitude towards menstrual pain, as 122(42. 5%) resorted to self-treatment and medication, only 97(33. 8%) ever consulted healthcare worker. Paracetamol 54(32%) was the most used drug for self-treatment while others include Feldene 33 (19. 3, Diclofenac 27(15. 8) and Gelucee 25(14. 6), About 103(61. 7%) of subjects do not know the side effects of the drugs they used. Conclusions: The burden of primary dysmenorrhea was high, the knowledge and attitude exhibited was poor and most of the adolescent girls used a different kind of drugs whose side effects are not known. The need for in school awareness creation on the causes and it is management was emphasized.